Differential White Blood Cell Count
White blood cells (leukocytes) are part of the immune system. Their role is to protect the body. There are five major types of white blood cells: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Each type of white blood cell plays a specific role in the body.
| What is the purpose of this test? | Measuring and calculating percentages of each type of white blood cells is used to assess more precisely the causes of an increased or decreased white blood cell count by establishing exactly which type is involved. This data is used to assess the immune system. |
| How to prepare? | No preparation needed. |
| Reference values*: |
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| Associated tests | The other tests in a complete blood count are typically done at the same time. These tests measure different parts and features of your blood, including the following:
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| How is it done? | A blood sample is drawn, usually from a vein in the arm. |
| How long before I get the results? | Results are usually ready in a day. It may take longer to receive your results. |
More details
| White blood cells type | General Information | What can an elevated result mean? | What can a decreased result mean? |
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| Neutrophils | The role of these white blood cells is to swallow and digest solid foreign matter (altered cells, microbes) that has been destroyed. They contain granules that can be released to limit inflammation at the site of an infection. They are often the first cells on the site of an infection, acting as the body's first line of defence. |
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| Eosinophils | These white blood cell's role is also to swallow solid foreign matter. They are involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions. |
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| Basophils | These white blood cell's role is also to swallow solid foreign matter. They are involved in inflammatory and allergic reactions, in the same way as eosinophils. |
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| Lymphocytes | There are several types of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes B produce antibodies that are responsible for certain immune response functions. Lymphocytes T also play a role in the immune response, but their role is different. |
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| Monocytes | These white blood cell's role is also to swallow solid foreign matter, bacteria and cell debris. They are part of the body's defence mechanism. |
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What you should know before going for this test
When you go in for a blood test or any other medical exam, it's always a good idea to bring a complete list of any prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, or natural health products you're taking. Unless otherwise advised, it's best to take your medications as usual on blood test days. If in doubt, don't hesitate to talk to your healthcare professional.
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The patient information leaflets are provided by Vigilance Santé Inc. This content is for information purposes only and does not in any manner whatsoever replace the opinion or advice of your health care professional. Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment.